Nine battery storage projects totaling nearly 1,500 megawatts are proposed across Western New York. They’ve been proposed to help meet New York State’s six-gigawatt energy storage goal, a program the state says will store renewable generation “for the times it is needed most,” firming intermittent solar and wind into steady power.

That belief that batteries store renewable energy is the basis for nearly everything that follows. Under state law, a battery project qualifies as a “renewable energy project” for industrial development agency tax breaks: sales tax, mortgage tax, and property tax relief negotiated in place of full assessment. It qualifies for the same 15-year property tax exemption the legislature wrote for solar and wind. And it earns the federal government’s “Clean Electricity Investment Credit.” It’s the argument developers bring to town boards from Ripley to Lockport.

None of those benefits, state or federal, is conditioned on where the electricity actually comes from. So it’s worth asking the question the incentives never ask: when these batteries charge, what generates the power going into them?

In Western New York, the answer, most of the time, is natural gas: 74% to 83% of charging hours depending on the zone (according to NYISO’s own marginal-emissions data). Not just now, but likely for the lifetime of these projects: our modeling finds New York would need five to nine times all the solar it has ever built before charging windows are even half renewable.

Zone-by-zone breakdown

Every battery on the map charges from the same place: the grid of the zone it sits in. Batteries earn their money by buying power when it’s cheapest and selling it back when it’s expensive, so we pulled a full year of NYISO real-time price data and found the four cheapest hours of every single day in every zone. Those are the hours a battery operator charges. Then we asked what was actually setting the price in those hours, because on a power grid, new demand isn’t served by the average of everything running. It’s served by whatever plant ramps up next. At two in the morning, that is not solar.

The chart below shows the answer for each zone, hour by hour across 365 days: the share of charging hours where gas plants set the price, the share where zero-carbon resources did (hydro, wind, nuclear surplus), and the share too close to call, which we count against our own case. And you don’t have to take our word for the method. NYISO, the grid operator, publishes its own measure of exactly this, the marginal emission rate, which it says is “[r]elevant for near-term consumption decisions” like charging. Each zone’s bar carries NYISO’s number alongside ours. The two agree within a few points everywhere.

What they told you

Origis Energy’s Lockport Energy Storage System will provide enough domestic renewable energy-powered electricity for MORE THAN 24,000 HOMES IN THE REGION, delivered when its’s needed most.

Origis Energy, Developer, Lockport Storage (180 MW) — Project Website, July 28, 2026

The Project can store excess renewable energy generated by solar and wind facilities. BESS will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the need for gas power plants during peak electricity demand periods. This will improve air quality and improve public health. The system operates without emissions, positioning the Town as a leader in green energy initiatives.

Daniel F. Brennan, Esq., Attorney for GCI, Eastwater Storage Project (100 MW, Brighton) — Incentive-zoning application letter to the Town of Brighton (Town Board agenda packet), August 27, 2025

Just as importantly, this project directly aligns with New York State’s Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA) goals by facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources and helping us move closer to 70% renewable electricity by 2030 and a zero-emission grid by 2040. Battery storage is not an optional tool—it is an essential one if New York is to meet its climate commitments.

Sen. Jeremy A. Cooney, NY State Senator, 56th District (Rochester) — Letter to NYSERDA supporting the Eastwater Storage Project, entered into the Brighton Town Board record, September 3, 2025

This project is a win for the Town of Ripley, Chautauqua County, and the State of New York. We are thrilled that we have the land and infrastructure to attract this clean energy project to our area.

PJ Wendel, Chautauqua County Executive — County of Chautauqua IDA press release announcing PILOT approval, January 25, 2022

We are excited to share that KCE NY 6 is officially coming online, which is a major step towards New York’s ambitious goal of achieving 70% renewable energy by 2030.

Taylor Quarles, Vice President of Development, Key Capture Energy — KCE press release, June 8, 2023

New York’s goal of 100% zero-emission electricity provides a clear roadmap for companies like ours to invest in communities.

Jeff Bishop, Co-founder & CEO, Key Capture Energy (at time of statement) — KCE press release, November 29, 2021

Energy storage is essential to achieving New York’s climate goals and growing a clean energy economy. Key Capture Energy’s latest project demonstrates how energy storage is modernizing New York’s electric grid, creating jobs, improving grid resiliency, supporting renewable energy integration.

Dr. William Acker, Executive Director, NY-BEST (NY Battery and Energy Storage Technology Consortium) — KCE press release on KCE NY 6 near Buffalo, November 29, 2021

South Ripley Solar has earned Atlantic Chapter endorsement with high marks in each evaluation area, and we anticipate a favorable review from ORES and a permit to begin construction of an environmentally sound project that will replace fossil fuel-generated energy with the unlimited power of the sun.

Sierra Club Atlantic Chapter, Chapter endorsement of South Ripley Solar and BESS — Sierra Club Atlantic Chapter blog (Ellen Cardone Banks), March 9, 2022

Methodology

NYISO real-time zonal prices and fuel mix, 12 complete months, every day's 4 cheapest hours classified by what set the price; corroborated by NYISO's Implied Marginal Emission Rates (report P-72) and EPA CAMD plant-level hourly data. Confirmed-gas figures are floors; ceilings including ambiguous hours are shown on the map. Zero-carbon charging hours are real, counted, and disclosed on every project marker.

Come make sense of the grid with us

Everything comes down to how the electric grid actually works. On Thursday, August 20, we're bringing Meredith Angwin, a.k.a. "The Electric Grandma," one of the first women to run projects at the Electric Power Research Institute, to Ulster County for a plain-English crash course: why bills are rising, how the grid keeps the lights on, and which power sources you can actually count on.

Understanding Energy: A Civic 101 Crash Course
Aug 20, 6–8 pm | M. Clifford Miller Middle School, Lake Katrine | $15

Info & Tickets