Eleven battery storage projects totaling more than 1,600 megawatts are proposed across the North Country, the Mohawk Valley, and the Capital Region. They’ve been proposed to help meet New York State’s six-gigawatt energy storage goal, a program the state says will store renewable generation “for the times it is needed most,” firming intermittent solar and wind into steady power.

That belief that batteries store renewable energy is the basis for nearly everything that follows. When the legislature gave batteries a 15-year exemption from local property taxes, it did it by adding them to the law written for “solar or wind energy systems.” When it opened industrial development agency tax breaks to batteries, it did it by defining them as “renewable energy projects.” And when Washington rewrote the federal tax credit batteries claim, it named it the “Clean Electricity Investment Credit.” It’s the argument developers bring to town boards from Sherburne to Bethlehem.

None of those benefits, state or federal, is conditioned on where the electricity actually comes from. So it’s worth asking the question the incentives never ask: when these batteries charge, what generates the power going into them?

In the North Country, the Mohawk Valley, and the Capital Region, the answer, overwhelmingly, is natural gas, 85% to 90% of the time depending on the zone (according to NYISO’s own marginal-emissions data). Not just now, but likely for the lifetime of these projects: our modeling finds New York would need 11 to 15 gigawatts of added utility-scale solar (not rooftop or community-scale), some twenty times the grid-scale fleet it has built to date, and roughly double everything waiting in NYISO’s interconnection queue, before charging windows are even half renewable. And long before that, added solar changes when batteries charge, not what they charge from.”

Zone-by-zone breakdown

Every battery on the map charges from the same place: the grid of the zone it sits in. Batteries earn their money by buying power when it’s cheapest and selling it back when it’s expensive, so we pulled a full year of NYISO real-time price data and found the four cheapest hours of every single day in every zone. Those are the hours a battery operator charges. Then we asked what was actually setting the price in those hours, because on a power grid, new demand isn’t served by the average of everything running. It’s served by whatever plant ramps up next. At two in the morning, that is not solar.

The chart below shows the answer for each zone, hour by hour across 365 days: the share of charging hours where gas plants set the price, the share where zero-carbon resources did (hydro, wind, nuclear surplus), and the share too close to call, which we count against our own case. And you don’t have to take our word for the method. NYISO, the grid operator, publishes its own measure of exactly this, the marginal emission rate, which it says is “[r]elevant for near-term consumption decisions” like charging. Each zone’s bar carries NYISO’s number alongside ours. The two agree within a few points everywhere.

What they told you

The project will also directly support the State’s Climate Act goals by enabling greater integration of renewable energy and enhancing overall system flexibility so renewable energy can be used even when the sun isn’t shining, and the wind isn’t blowing.

Key Capture Energy, Developer, KCE NY 38 (250 MW, Churchtown substation, Claverack) — NYSERDA ISCRFP25-1 Attachment B Public Project Summary (subsidy application), December 11, 2025

This is a first-of-its-kind project for the Power Authority and with it we are breaking new ground as we actively help lead New York State’s decarbonization efforts… The Northern New York Energy Storage Project will help New York achieve its aggressive climate goals and ensure that 70 percent of the state’s electricity supply comes from renewables by 2030.

Justin E. Driscoll, President & CEO, New York Power Authority — NYPA press release, August 25, 2023

Energy storage is crucial as New York works to decarbonize our electric grid, manage increased energy loads, and optimize the integration and use of clean, renewable energy.

Rory M. Christian, Chair & CEO, NY Public Service Commission — DPS press release, February 13, 2025

Methodology

NYISO real-time zonal prices and fuel mix, 12 complete months, every day's 4 cheapest hours classified by what set the price; corroborated by NYISO's Implied Marginal Emission Rates (report P-72) and EPA CAMD plant-level hourly data. Confirmed-gas figures are floors; ceilings including ambiguous hours are shown on the map. Zero-carbon charging hours are real, counted, and disclosed on every project marker.

Come make sense of the grid with us

Everything comes down to how the electric grid actually works. On Thursday, August 20, we're bringing Meredith Angwin, a.k.a. "The Electric Grandma," one of the first women to run projects at the Electric Power Research Institute, to Ulster County for a plain-English crash course: why bills are rising, how the grid keeps the lights on, and which power sources you can actually count on.

Understanding Energy: A Civic 101 Crash Course
Aug 20, 6–8 pm | M. Clifford Miller Middle School, Lake Katrine | $15

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