Ten battery storage projects totaling more than 1,500 megawatts are proposed across Central New York and the Southern Tier. They’ve been proposed to help meet New York State’s six-gigawatt energy storage goal, a program the state says will store renewable generation “for the times it is needed most,” firming intermittent solar and wind into steady power.

That belief that batteries store renewable energy is the basis for nearly everything that follows. It’s the basis for a subsidy program collected from every electric bill in the state, deliberately modeled on renewable energy credits. It’s the basis for a 15-year property tax exemption that was written for solar and wind. It’s the basis for the federal government’s “Clean Electricity Investment Credit.” And it’s the argument developers bring to town boards from Lansing to Cohocton.

None of those benefits, state or federal, is conditioned on where the electricity actually comes from. So it’s worth asking the question the incentives never ask: when these batteries charge, what generates the power going into them?

In Central New York, the Finger Lakes and the Southern Tier, the answer, overwhelmingly, is natural gas, 86% of the time (according to NYISO’s own marginal-emissions data). Not just now, but likely for the lifetime of these projects: our modeling finds New York would need five to nine times all the solar it has ever built before charging windows are even half renewable.

Zone-by-zone breakdown

Every battery on the map charges from the same place: the grid of the zone it sits in. Batteries earn their money by buying power when it’s cheapest and selling it back when it’s expensive, so we pulled a full year of NYISO real-time price data and found the four cheapest hours of every single day in every zone. Those are the hours a battery operator charges. Then we asked what was actually setting the price in those hours, because on a power grid, new demand isn’t served by the average of everything running. It’s served by whatever plant ramps up next. At two in the morning, that is not solar.

The chart below shows the answer for each zone, hour by hour across 365 days: the share of charging hours where gas plants set the price, the share where zero-carbon resources did (hydro, wind, nuclear surplus), and the share too close to call, which we count against our own case. And you don’t have to take our word for the method. NYISO, the grid operator, publishes its own measure of exactly this, the marginal emission rate, which it says is “[r]elevant for near-term consumption decisions” like charging. Each zone’s bar carries NYISO’s number alongside ours. The two agree within a few points everywhere.

What they told you

Beyond strengthening local grid reliability—reducing outages, supporting summer and winter peak demand, and enabling faster recovery after storms—it also helps integrate more renewable energy by storing excess clean power and releasing it when needed. This improves regional energy affordability and decreases dependence on fossil-fuel peaker plants, lowering local air pollution.

Nexamp / South Hill Heights, LLC, Developer, 40 MW Ithaca project — NYSERDA ISCRFP25-1 Attachment B Public Project Summary (subsidy application), December 4, 2024

Important public benefits will result from this project, including providing reliable and clean energy at peak demand, while meeting the State’s public policy goals for increased renewable energy and developing a clean energy grid.

Zenobe Burns, LLC, Developer, 100 MW Town of Burns project — Verified Petition to the NYS Public Service Commission, June 8, 2026

Our BESS would provide key grid services and support integration of renewable energy generators like solar and wind. They reduce brownouts and blackouts by alleviating congestion in the grid.

Ben Broder, Director of Development and Policy Strategy, Bear Peak Power — Tompkins Weekly, reporting his presentation to the Lansing Town Board, July 26, 2023

The proposed action would support renewable energy use, and reduce the grid’s dependence on non-renewable energy sources that negatively affect the environment.

Town of Union planning staff, SEQRA determination for the 150 MW Oakdale project — Town of Union Planning Board minutes, April 13, 2021

TeraWulf will be able to develop up to 400 MW of digital infrastructure capacity, with 138 MW of low-cost, predominantly zero carbon power expected to be ready for service next year.

Mike Sigler, Tompkins County Legislator — Written report entered into the Lansing Town Board minutes, August 20, 2025

Increasing the state’s capacity to store wind and solar energy for increasing amounts of time is essential to meet our climate and clean energy goals, especially as more energy flows to the grid from renewable energy projects coming online.

Doreen M. Harris, President & CEO, NYSERDA — NYSERDA press release, August 17, 2023

Expanding energy storage technology is a key component to building New York’s clean energy future and reaching our climate goals.

Gov. Kathy Hochul, Governor of New York State — Governor's Office press release announcing the 6 GW storage order, June 20, 2024

Battery energy storage plays a pivotal role in improving grid reliability, stabilizing electricity prices, harnessing the full power of renewable energy, reducing New York’s reliance on fossil fuels, and transitioning to a modernized electric grid.

Kyle Rabin, Policy Analyst, Alliance for Clean Energy New York — Governor's Office press release, June 20, 2024

Methodology

NYISO real-time zonal prices and fuel mix, 12 complete months, every day's 4 cheapest hours classified by what set the price; corroborated by NYISO's Implied Marginal Emission Rates (report P-72) and EPA CAMD plant-level hourly data. Confirmed-gas figures are floors; ceilings including ambiguous hours are shown on the map. Zero-carbon charging hours are real, counted, and disclosed on every project marker.

Come make sense of the grid with us

Everything comes down to how the electric grid actually works. On Thursday, August 20, we're bringing Meredith Angwin, a.k.a. "The Electric Grandma," one of the first women to run projects at the Electric Power Research Institute, to Ulster County for a plain-English crash course: why bills are rising, how the grid keeps the lights on, and which power sources you can actually count on.

Understanding Energy: A Civic 101 Crash Course
Aug 20, 6–8 pm | M. Clifford Miller Middle School, Lake Katrine | $15

Info & Tickets